Most of us look forward to the advent of spring because of the blooming of flowers and thoughts of picnics and outdoor activities. For many others, the warm months are welcome because winter brings joint pain and stiffness -- the result of arthritis.

Nearly 40 million Americans (one in seven) have arthritis. About 6 million Americans are self-diagnosed. Arthritis, the No. 1 cause of disability in America, affects women more than men. It limits everyday activities -- dressing, climbing stairs, getting in and out of bed or walking -- for about 7 million Americans. The estimated annual cost for arthritis to the economy is $54.6 billion in medical care and indirect costs.

There are many types of arthritis that affect people at any age, but it is most common in people beyond middle age. Many people have evidence of joint deterioration upon X-ray, but only about a third of those older than 60 have symptoms. Clearly, aging is a leading risk factor for arthritis, but research has shown that osteoarthritis is not an inevitable part of aging.

The hallmark of arthritis is the breakdown of joint cartilage -- the cushion between two bones at a joint that acts as a shock absorber. As cartilage deteriorates, bones begin to rub together, which may cause changes in the bone resulting in bone spurs. This may cause the joint to lose some of its normal alignment resulting in pain and reduced range of motion. This disease may affect any joint, but often affects the hands and weight-bearing joints, such as the knees, hips, ankles and the back.

Although there is no known cure for osteoarthritis, for many people taking the following steps significantly reduces pain and disability. Consult your physician about these alternatives.

* Exercise: This will strengthen associated muscles, improve stability and maintain joint flexibility, which often lessens pain and decreases the risk of muscle and joint injuries.

* Maintain healthful weight: Excess pounds place extra stress on weight-bearing joints.

* Make lifestyle adaptations: Toilet seat adapters and wall bars in the bathtub can make these necessities easier and less painful.

* Use pain-management techniques and medications: Hot baths, showers and heat packs can be used to relax sore muscles and relieve joint pain and soreness. Anti-inflammatory medications and cold gel packs are often a good first line of defense against the discomfort of arthritis.

* Take charge with education: Learn about self-help courses available through the Arthritis Foundation. To find out about a course in your area, contact the Arthritis Foundation at 1 (800) 283-7800.

World Wide Web Resources: The Arthritis Foundation www.arthritis.org This is a very comprehensive site that includes fast facts on arthritis, as well as information on medical care, advocacy, research, education and support groups.

ArthritisWebSite www.arthritiswebsite.com This is another valuable resource for people with arthritis and their families, providing a wealth of information as well as links to other sites.