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WorldMarch 16, 2025

TANJUNG REJO, Indonesia (AP) — The loud whirr of a chainsaw sounds through the forest as a small group of farmers gathers around a tree filled with red seed pods. With one slow stroke, a severed knobby branch hits the ground.

VICTORIA MILKO and DITA ALANGKARA, Associated Press
A farmer holds an opened cocoa pod at a plantation in Tanjung Rejo, Lampung province, Indonesia, Wednesday, Feb. 19, 2025. (AP Photo/Dita Alangkara)
A farmer holds an opened cocoa pod at a plantation in Tanjung Rejo, Lampung province, Indonesia, Wednesday, Feb. 19, 2025. (AP Photo/Dita Alangkara)ASSOCIATED PRESS
A farmer picks cocoa pods at a plantation in Tanjung Rejo, Indonesia, Tuesday, Feb. 18, 2025. (AP Photo/Dita Alangkara)
A farmer picks cocoa pods at a plantation in Tanjung Rejo, Indonesia, Tuesday, Feb. 18, 2025. (AP Photo/Dita Alangkara)ASSOCIATED PRESS
A farmer uses a chainsaw to trim a cocoa tree at a plantation in Tanjung Rejo, Lampung province, Indonesia, Tuesday, Feb. 18, 2025. (AP Photo/Dita Alangkara)
A farmer uses a chainsaw to trim a cocoa tree at a plantation in Tanjung Rejo, Lampung province, Indonesia, Tuesday, Feb. 18, 2025. (AP Photo/Dita Alangkara)ASSOCIATED PRESS
Tari Santoso, a cocoa farmer, inspects his crop in Tanjung Rejo, Lampung province, Indonesia, Tuesday, Feb. 18, 2025. (AP Photo/Dita Alangkara)
Tari Santoso, a cocoa farmer, inspects his crop in Tanjung Rejo, Lampung province, Indonesia, Tuesday, Feb. 18, 2025. (AP Photo/Dita Alangkara)ASSOCIATED PRESS
Cocoa farmer Sarwono tends to a small nursery outside his house in Tanjung Rejo, Lampung province, Indonesia, Tuesday, Feb. 18, 2025. (AP Photo/Dita Alangkara)
Cocoa farmer Sarwono tends to a small nursery outside his house in Tanjung Rejo, Lampung province, Indonesia, Tuesday, Feb. 18, 2025. (AP Photo/Dita Alangkara)ASSOCIATED PRESS
Cocoa farmer Sarwono grafts a plant at a small nursery outside his house in Tanjung Rejo, Indonesia, Wednesday, Feb. 19, 2025. (AP Photo/Dita Alangkara)
Cocoa farmer Sarwono grafts a plant at a small nursery outside his house in Tanjung Rejo, Indonesia, Wednesday, Feb. 19, 2025. (AP Photo/Dita Alangkara)ASSOCIATED PRESS
Cocoa farmer Sarwono arranges newly grafted plants at a nursery outside his house in Tanjung Rejo, Lampung province, Indonesia, Tuesday, Feb. 18, 2025. (AP Photo/Dita Alangkara)
Cocoa farmer Sarwono arranges newly grafted plants at a nursery outside his house in Tanjung Rejo, Lampung province, Indonesia, Tuesday, Feb. 18, 2025. (AP Photo/Dita Alangkara)ASSOCIATED PRESS
Cocoa farmer Sarwono uses banana leaves to cover cocoa beans in a fermentation box in Tanjung Rejo, Lampung province, Indonesia, Wednesday, Feb. 19, 2025. (AP Photo/Dita Alangkara)
Cocoa farmer Sarwono uses banana leaves to cover cocoa beans in a fermentation box in Tanjung Rejo, Lampung province, Indonesia, Wednesday, Feb. 19, 2025. (AP Photo/Dita Alangkara)ASSOCIATED PRESS
A farmer trims a cocoa tree at a plantation in Tanjung Rejo, Lampung province, Indonesia, Tuesday, Feb. 18, 2025. (AP Photo/Dita Alangkara)
A farmer trims a cocoa tree at a plantation in Tanjung Rejo, Lampung province, Indonesia, Tuesday, Feb. 18, 2025. (AP Photo/Dita Alangkara)ASSOCIATED PRESS
A farmer works at a a palm oil plantation in Tanjung Rejo, Lampung province, Indonesia, Wednesday, Feb. 19, 2025. (AP Photo/Dita Alangkara)
A farmer works at a a palm oil plantation in Tanjung Rejo, Lampung province, Indonesia, Wednesday, Feb. 19, 2025. (AP Photo/Dita Alangkara)ASSOCIATED PRESS
Tari Santoso holds cocoa pods at his plantation in Tanjung Rejo, Lampung province, Indonesia, Wednesday, Feb. 19, 2025. (AP Photo/Dita Alangkara)
Tari Santoso holds cocoa pods at his plantation in Tanjung Rejo, Lampung province, Indonesia, Wednesday, Feb. 19, 2025. (AP Photo/Dita Alangkara)ASSOCIATED PRESS
Tari Santoso, in white, rests with other farmers at a cocoa plantation in Tanjung Rejo, Lampung province, Indonesia, Wednesday, Feb. 19, 2025. (AP Photo/Dita Alangkara)
Tari Santoso, in white, rests with other farmers at a cocoa plantation in Tanjung Rejo, Lampung province, Indonesia, Wednesday, Feb. 19, 2025. (AP Photo/Dita Alangkara)ASSOCIATED PRESS
Cocoa farmer Sarwono, right, speaks during a cocoa farmer's cooperative meeting at his house in Tanjung Rejo, Lampung province, Indonesia, Wednesday, Feb. 19, 2025. (AP Photo/Dita Alangkara)
Cocoa farmer Sarwono, right, speaks during a cocoa farmer's cooperative meeting at his house in Tanjung Rejo, Lampung province, Indonesia, Wednesday, Feb. 19, 2025. (AP Photo/Dita Alangkara)ASSOCIATED PRESS
Administrators register member's savings during the gathering of a cocoa farmers' cooperative in Tanjung Rejo, Lampung province, Indonesia, Wednesday, Feb. 19, 2025. (AP Photo/Dita Alangkara)
Administrators register member's savings during the gathering of a cocoa farmers' cooperative in Tanjung Rejo, Lampung province, Indonesia, Wednesday, Feb. 19, 2025. (AP Photo/Dita Alangkara)ASSOCIATED PRESS
Members of a cocoa farmers' cooperative book their savings during a gathering in Tanjung Rejo, Lampung province, Indonesia, Wednesday, Feb. 19, 2025. (AP Photo/Dita Alangkara)
Members of a cocoa farmers' cooperative book their savings during a gathering in Tanjung Rejo, Lampung province, Indonesia, Wednesday, Feb. 19, 2025. (AP Photo/Dita Alangkara)ASSOCIATED PRESS

TANJUNG REJO, Indonesia (AP) — The loud whirr of a chainsaw sounds through the forest as a small group of farmers gathers around a tree filled with red seed pods. With one slow stroke, a severed knobby branch hits the ground.

“Now it will help the tree grow new fruit,” farmer Tari Santoso says with a smile.

Thousands of cocoa farmers across Indonesia like Santoso are working with businesses and other organizations to protect their crops from the bitter impacts of climate change and underinvestment that have pushed cocoa prices to record levels.

Cocoa trees are high maintenance: Grown only near the equator, they require a precise combination of steady temperatures, humidity and sunlight. It takes five years for a tree to start producing the seeds that are processed into cocoa used to make chocolate and other delectable foods.

Climate change raises the risks for farmers: Hotter weather hurts yields and longer rainy seasons trigger the spread of fungus and deadly pests. Increasingly unpredictable weather patterns have made it harder for farmers to deal with those challenges.

So farmers are switching to other crops, further reducing cocoa supplies and pushing prices higher: In 2024, prices nearly tripled, reaching about US$12,000 per ton, driving up chocolate costs and leading some chocolate makers to try growing cocoa in laboratories.

Indonesia is the third-largest producer of cocoa in the world, behind Cote D'Ivoire and Ghana, according to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, farmers are joining with businesses and nongovernmental organizations to develop better growing practices and improve their livelihoods.

Sitting in the shade of his forest farm in south Sumatra, 3 miles (5 kilometers) from a national park where Sumatran tigers and rhinos roam, farmer Santoso is working with Indonesian chocolate maker Krakakoa.

After he began working with the company in 2016, Santoso starting using practices that helped his cocoa trees flourish, regularly pruning and grafting new branches onto older trees to promote growth and prevent the spread of disease. He is using organic fertilizer and has adopted agroforestry techniques, integrating other crops and trees such as bananas, dragon fruit, coffee and pepper, into his farm to foster a healthier ecosystem and invest in other income sources.

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“It wasn't very successful before we met Krakakoa,” Santoso said. “But then, we received training ... things are much better.”

Krakakoa has trained more than 1,000 cocoa farmers in Indonesia according to its founder and CEO, Sabrina Mustopo. The company also provides financial support.

Santoso and other farmers in Sumatra said the partnership helped them to form a cooperative provides low-interest loans to farmers, with interest paid back into the cooperative rather than to banks outside of the community.

Cocoa farmers who need bigger loans from government-owned banks also benefit from partnering with businesses, as the guaranteed buyer agreements can provide collateral needed to get loans approved, said Armin Hari, a communications manager at the Cocoa Sustainability Partnership, a forum for public-private collaboration for cocoa development in Indonesia.

Dozens of other businesses, the government and nongovernmental organizations and cooperatives are also working with cocoa farmers to better cope with climate change, benefiting thousands, Hari said. He pointed to a collaboration between Indonesia's National Research and Innovation Agency and the local division of international chocolate maker Mars, which have released a new variant of cocoa that produces more pods per tree.

Challenges still remain, said Rajendra Aryal, the FAO's country director for Indonesia. Fewer people see cocoa farming as a lucrative business and instead are planting other crops such as palm oil. And many small-scale farmers still cannot get loans, he said.

But Aryal said he hopes that continued collaboration between farmers and others will help.

“If we can look at the major issues these (farmers) are facing ... I think this sector could be, again, very attractive to the farmers,” he said. “Despite the challenges in Indonesia, I see that there are opportunities."

___

The Associated Press’ climate and environmental coverage receives financial support from multiple private foundations. AP is solely responsible for all content. Find AP’s standards for working with philanthropies, a list of supporters and funded coverage areas at AP.org.

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